三位美国学者分享2019年诺贝尔经济学奖

北京时间2019年10月14日17时45分（斯德哥尔摩时间10月14日11时45分），2019年诺贝尔经济学奖获奖名单公布。获奖者为: Abhijit Banerjee, Esther Duflo，Michael Kremer ，以表彰他们在减轻全球贫困方面开创的实验性路径。

Abhijit Banerjee

简  介

1961年生于印度孟买，国际经济学教授，1988年从美国哈佛大学博士毕业。现任职于美国麻省理工学院福特基金会。

Esther Duflo

简  介

1972年出生于法国巴黎。1999年美国麻省理工学院博士毕业。Abdul Latif Jameel美国麻省理工学院扶贫与发展经济学教授。

Michael Kremer

简  介

生于1964年。1992年毕业于美国哈佛大学。美国发展经济学家，现任哈佛大学盖茨发展学会教授。

获奖成果

The research conducted by this year’s Laureates has considerably improved our ability to fight global poverty. In just two decades, their new experiment-based approach has transformed development economics, which is now a flourishing field of research.

Despite recent dramatic improvements, one of humanity’s most urgent issues is the reduction of global poverty, in all its forms. More than 700 million people still subsist on extremely low incomes. Every year, around five million children under the age of five still die of diseases that could often have been prevented or cured with inexpensive treatments. Half of the world’s children still leave school without basic literacy and numeracy skills.

This year’s Laureates have introduced a new approach to obtaining reliable answers about the best ways to fight global poverty. In brief, it involves dividing this issue into smaller, more manageable, questions – for example, the most effective interventions for improving educational outcomes or child health. They have shown that these smaller, more precise, questions are often best answered via carefully designed experiments among the people who are most affected.

诺贝尔经济学奖并非根据阿尔弗雷德·诺贝尔的遗嘱所设立的，但在评选步骤、授奖仪式方面与诺贝尔奖相似。1968年起，奖项由瑞典皇家科学院每年颁发一次，颁奖遵循对人类利益做出最大贡献的原则。1969年（瑞典国家银行成立300周年庆典时）第一次颁奖，由挪威人弗里希和荷兰人扬·廷贝亨共同获得，美国经济学家萨缪尔森、弗里德曼等人均获得过此奖。
2018年10月8日，保罗·罗默和威廉·诺德豪斯诺贝尔经济学奖， 以表彰二人在创新、气候和经济增长方面研究的杰出贡献。